![]() Yet, the #5f# is more compact due to its higher angular momentum #l# giving it one more nodal plane (but one less radial node at #n = 5# than in the #6d#). #=> color(blue)(barul|stackrel" "(" " 5f^3 6d^1 7s^2" ")|)#Įven though the #6d# orbitals are higher in energy than the #5f# orbitals, they are similar sizes. Thus, the correct configuration is actually: The electron that we would have liked to believe is in the #5f# orbital is actually placed in the #6d# orbital. ![]() The early actinides (and to a smaller extent, the early lanthanides) are exceptions-namely, #ul("Ac" - "Np")#. Since #"U"# is the fourth-column actinide we would expect an Aufbau configuration of: Then, we consider the outer-core #5f#, valence #6d# and valence #7s# orbitals in the appropriate order.Īlthough the #5f# electrons are outer-core for uranium, the #7s# and #6d# are really close in energy, practically degenerate. #"U"#, an actinide, has an unusual electron configuration. We represent that as #, and append the remaining outer-core #3d# and valence #4s# electrons: #1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6# is the core of the previous noble gas, i.e. #"Ni"#, a late transition metal, has core-like #3d# orbitals due to its #Z_(eff)# being on the higher side, and we fill its orbitals with the forethought that the #3d# orbitals are significantly lower in energy than the #4s#. The rest depend on the element and the atomic environment. The first few orbitals in the typical ordering are #1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p#. The lanthanides and actinides make up the #f# block.Īnd we fill the orbitals by energy, followed by considerations of closeness in energy to nearby orbitals if needed (generally more applicable in the #f# block and in the so-called "Aufbau exceptions").The transition metals make up the #d# block, groups #"IIIB" - "VIIIB"# and #"IB - IIB"# (or #3 - 12#).The last six columns are given the label " #p# block".The first two columns are the so-called #s# block.(No, none of the easy ones are exceptions.) How does that sound?įor the easy ones, I'll just put the noble gas core. Well, I will do the three hard ones, and you'll have to figure out the three easy ones.
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